Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of INSPIRatory musclE training (IMT) for reducing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC): a sham-controlled randomised controlled trial (RCT) (INSPIRE)
- Respiratory disease HTA and economic evaluations
After major operations, some patients develop lung complications, including pneumonia, which prolong recovery, reduce quality of life, and can lead to extended hospital stays or admission to intensive care. Inspiratory muscle training is a programme of breathing exercises designed to improve the strength and endurance of the chest muscles that support breathing. Training for two weeks before surgery may halve the risk of postoperative lung complications, but the evidence remains uncertain.
This study aims to compare the effectiveness, cost‑effectiveness and safety of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) delivered for a minimum of two weeks before surgery, versus a sham intervention (fixed low‑resistance IMT) or usual care, in reducing postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) among patients at high risk undergoing elective major surgery.